Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

 Its function has been known since 1536. It was first isolated in 1933 when its formula was determined. It is sour in taste and is degraded by strong acids, bases, oxidising agents, iron and copper. It dissociates on exposure to sunlight, high temperature and air.

Ascorbic acid is required for the synthesis and protection of intercellular elements, collagen, mucopolysaccharides and bone. It plays an important role in the maturation of red blood cells and in the formation of haemoglobin. A lack of vitamin C causes scurvy. The symptoms of this Dehydroascorbic acid disease are bleeding under the skin and of the gums and pathological changes in bones and teeth. A deficiency of vitamin C delays the healing process.
■ Vitamin C is of considerable use in the treatment of infectious diseases since it neutralises bacterial toxins, facilitates the formation of antibodies and promotes phagocytosis of bacteria by leucocytes.
■ It converts Fe3+ to Fe2+, which has high oxidation-reduction potential. This facilitates its absorption.
■ It protects the body against toxic substances due to its resistance to oxidation.
■ Its deficiency symptoms include; fragile bones, irregularities softening and decay of teeth.
■ it plays a role in the metabolism of testosterone, progesterone and adrenal cortex hormone.
The richest sources of vitamin C are oranges, lemons, kiwi fruit, cabbages, tomatoes and potatoes.